Only some tracks on the album won't write,

[outsidecontext]

This issue happens if the AIFF or WAVE files you are saving are smaller than the size they report. See also the following discussion and the issue linked there:

Receiving ValueError when saving some files

That seems to be basically the same issue as reported for mutagen (the tag reading component Picard uses) at https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen/issues/496 That issue is about WAVE files, but AIFF and WAVE files share the same basic structure and they share some code in mutagen. In my (phw on Github) comments there I mention that probably mutagen should just fail more cleanly. That would be the easiest solution, but would not change much for your situation with Picard. The files are in a way …

This seems to be a rather common problem with AIFF and WAVE files. Basically the files are truncated in some way. As discussed in the linked issue it might be possible to correct such issues automatically, but this needs to be investigated.